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A common pathophysiological link underlying this comorbidity is mental stress and stress susceptibility that is confounded by genetic and epigenetic factors, psychosocial and environmental influences, and lifestyle choices. Moreover, findings indicate that CVD and psychiatric disorders, notably depressive and anxiety disorders, have a bidirectional relationship. There is evidence that cardiovascular disease (CVD) and psychiatric disorders are far more closely interrelated than had been assumed. The consequences of heart-brain dysfunction can lead to pathological manifestations involving many organ systems, with dire consequences. At least in certain conditions, as will be described below, they appear to be bidirectional. Heart-brain interactions are now recognized to be complex and multifaceted, and to engulf several functions and systems of the body. The epigraph by the 17th century physician holds great validity and urgency in the present day. Heart-brain interactions have been known to mankind since Hippocratic times and written about extensively in the medical and nonmedical literature over the centuries. Medical professionals should not utilize the procedures, products, or diagnosis techniques discussed during this activity without evaluation of their patient for contraindications or dangers of use.įor content-related questions, email us at for questions concerning CME credit – Call us at (877.263.7767)Įvery affection of the mind that is attended with either pain or pleasure, hope or fear, is the cause of an agitation whose influence extends to the heart. CME Outfitters, LLC, and the faculty do not endorse the use of any product outside of the FDA-labeled indications. The faculty have been informed of their responsibility to disclose to the audience if they will be discussing off-label or investigational uses (any uses not approved by the FDA) of products or devices. It is not assumed that these relationships will have a negative impact on the presentations.Īngelos Halaris, MD, has no conflicts to report.Įbrahim Haroon, MD (peer/content reviewer), reports that he receives funding from the NIH.Īpplicable Psychiatric Times staff and CME Outfitters staff, have no disclosures to report.įaculty of this CME/CE activity may include discussion of products or devices that are not currently labeled for use by the FDA. The following information is for participant information only. CME Outfitters, LLC, has evaluated, identified, and attempted to resolve any potential conflicts of interest through a rigorous content validation procedure, use of evidence-based data/research, and a multidisciplinary peer-review process. Faculty must disclose to the participants any relationships with commercial companies whose products or devices may be mentioned in faculty presentations, or with the commercial supporter of this CME/CE activity. It is the policy of CME Outfitters, LLC, to ensure independence, balance, objectivity, and scientific rigor and integrity in all of their CME/CE activities. Note to Nurse Practitioners and Physician Assistants: AANPCP and AAPA accept certificates of participation for educational activities certified for AMA PRA Category 1 Credit™. Physicians should claim only the credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity. CME Outfitters, LLC, is accredited by the ACCME to provide continuing medical education for physicians.ĬME Outfitters designates this enduring material for a maximum of 1.5 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit™. This continuing medical education activity is intended for psychiatrists, psychologists, primary care physicians, physician assistants, nurse practitioners, and other health care professionals who seek to improve their care for patients with mental health disorders.ĬME Credit (Physicians): This activity has been planned and implemented in accordance with the Essential Areas and policies of the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (ACCME) through the joint providership of CME Outfitters, LLC, and Psychiatric Times.
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Assess autonomic nervous system activity through measurement of heart rate variability.
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